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Documentation Index

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if / elif / else

def classify(n):
    if n < 0:
        return "negative"
    elif n == 0:
        return "zero"
    else:
        return "positive"

for x in [-3, 0, 7]:
    print(classify(x))
Output
negative
zero
positive

​
while

n, total = 5, 0
while n > 0:
    total += n
    n -= 1
print(total)
Output
15

​
while … else

The else runs if the loop completes without break. 
x = 0
while x < 3:
    x += 1
else:
    print("loop finished cleanly")
Output
loop finished cleanly

​
for

Iterates anything that produces a sequence: list, tuple, dict, set, range, string, generator. 
for ch in "abc":
    print(ch)
Output
a
b
c

# Tuple unpacking in the loop variable
pairs = [("a", 1), ("b", 2), ("c", 3)]
for key, value in pairs:
    print(key, value)
Output
a 1
b 2
c 3

# Star pattern works too
for first, *rest in [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7]]:
    print(first, rest)
Output
1 [2, 3]
4 [5, 6, 7]

​
break and continue

for i in range(10):
    if i == 5:
        break
    if i % 2 == 0:
        continue
    print(i)
Output
1
3

​
for … else

Runs when the loop exhausts its iterator (no break). 
for i in range(3):
    pass
else:
    print("done")
Output
done

​
match / case

Pattern matching by equality and the _ wildcard. 
def describe(n):
    match n:
        case 0:
            return "zero"
        case 1:
            return "one"
        case _:
            return "many"

for x in [0, 1, 2, 99]:
    print(describe(x))
Output
zero
one
many
many

​
try / except / else / finally

def safe_div(a, b):
    try:
        return a / b
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        return None

print(safe_div(10, 2))
print(safe_div(10, 0))
Output
5.0
None

# Multiple handlers and finally
try:
    x = int("abc")
except ValueError:
    x = -1
finally:
    print("cleanup")
print(x)
Output
cleanup
-1

# Bare except catches everything
try:
    raise "boom"
except:
    print("caught")
Output
caught

​
raise

def positive(n):
    if n < 0:
        raise ValueError
    return n

try:
    positive(-1)
except ValueError:
    print("rejected")
Output
rejected
raise X from Y chains exceptions: 
try:
    raise ValueError from KeyError
except:
    print("caught chain")
Output
caught chain

​
Exception names available

These are pre-bound type names you can match against: Exception, BaseException, ValueError, TypeError, NameError, KeyError, IndexError, AttributeError, RuntimeError, ZeroDivisionError, OverflowError, MemoryError, RecursionError, StopIteration, NotImplementedError, OSError, IOError, ImportError, ModuleNotFoundError, AssertionError, ArithmeticError, LookupError.

​
with

Context managers. __enter__ / __exit__ aren’t user-definable in Edge Python, but the syntax is supported for compatibility: 
x = [1, 2]
with x as items:
    print(len(items))
print("after")
Output
2
after
Multiple targets: 
a, b = "first", "second"
with a as x, b as y:
    print(x, y)
Output
first second

​
assert

def reciprocal(n):
    assert n != 0
    return 1 / n

print(reciprocal(4))
Output
0.25
A failed assertion raises AssertionError.

​
del

Removes a binding from the slot. Works on plain names and indexed positions. 
x = 42
del x
try:
    print(x)
except NameError:
    print("gone")
Output
gone